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Articles > Drug test groupsDrug test groups In USA there are two general groups of tests detecting presence of narcotic substances in the human organism: federally and non-federally regulated drugs testing. Ronald Reagan started federally regulated testing with executive order, which required all employees abstain from taking illegal substances in specified DOT determinate occupations. Generally, drug testing guidelines and processes, in these areas exclusively, are regulated by the SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration). Direction of the NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) requires that professional drivers, oil and gas related occupations workers, and some other categories of federal employees, are to be checked for the presence of certain drugs of abuse. Test classes were established long time ago; they include five specific drug groups. These test classes do not reflect current drug consumption patterns. For example, SAMHSA / DOT prohibited substances tests exclude semi-synthetic opioids, such as hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, and other prescription medications that are widely abused in the United States. While SAMHSA/NIDA instructions allow laboratories to report only quantitative results for their official NIDA-5 tests, many drug testing laboratories and on-site testing facilities also offer a wider and "more appropriate" set of drug screens which are more adequate for the current drug use patterns. For example, these tests include synthetic pain killers such as Oxymorphone, Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Percocet), Hydromorphone, Hydrocodone (Vicodin), benzodiazepines (Valium, Xanax, Klonopin, Restoril). They may also include barbiturates in other drug panels (“panel" is a preset list of tests to run). The confirmation tests such as GC/MS and LC/MS/MS define the difference between similar chemical formulations, for example methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) and methamphetamine. The absence of detectable amounts of methamphetamine in the sample, make the lab either to report the sample as negative or report it as positive for MDMA. It depends on whether MDMA is included in the panel as a substance to be tested for.
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